Part 1 of this article was published in Chem 13 News in November 2014. This second part presents three titration exercises of increasing sophistication, suitable for students with some titration ...

When titrated by a strong base such as 0.1 M NaOH solution, a solution of citric acid traverses a buffer region during which the pH of the solution climbs gradually then more steeply. From about one ...

There’s a spill in a laboratory. This is obviously a huge safety concern, particularly if we don’t know what it is. Handily, if it is an acid or a base there are techniques which can be used to see ...

A titration experiment can be carried out to accurately measure the volume of substances that react in chemical reactions. This technique is commonly used in neutralisation reactions and can also be ...

Amount and properties of roots surface charge are important for nutrient uptake and balance in plants. Roots surface charge markedly varies at different rizosphere conditions (particularly pH and ...