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Analytic torsion, a spectral invariant derived from the zeta functions of Laplace‐type operators, has become a fundamental tool in modern differential geometry. It offers refined insights into the ...

Arc length is a fraction of circumference. Area of a sector is a fractions of the area of a circle. Both can be calculated using the angle at the centre and the diameter or radius. Practice circle ...

Abstract: Uav is the product of the new technology, and the application scope in life is increasing. However, its dependence on the environment is very high, and when the emitted electromagnetic wave ...