When a protein is made, a chain of amino-acid residues is built on the basis of messenger RNA instructions, and this construction must be brought to a stop appropriately. Writing in Nature, Kachale et ...

Industrial yeasts are a powerhouse of protein production, used to manufacture vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, and other useful compounds. In a new study, MIT chemical engineers have harnessed artificial ...

The code of life is simple. Four genetic letters arranged in triplets—called codons—encode amino acids. These are the building blocks of proteins, the machinery that powers life. But the genetic code ...