The phenomenon of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) occurs when two electrons are removed from an atom in a correlated manner under the influence of an intense laser field. Unlike sequential ...

Hollow atoms are special atoms with multiple missing electrons in their inner shells, while their outer shells are still fully or partially filled with electrons. Studying the production mechanisms, ...

The application of physics principles, methods, and techniques in clinical practice and research has revolutionized the entire medical science field to improve human health and overall wellbeing.