Today we are very used to running a rich variety of operating systems and programs on our mobile devices, from Office on a Windows laptop to a game on our Android smartphones, we are accustomed to ...

A recent edition of [Babbage’s] The Chip Letter discusses the obscurity of assembly language. He points out, and I think correctly, that assembly language is more often read than written, yet nearly ...

Programmable devices have long fascinated humans, even before the advent of computers. As long as two centuries ago we had music boxes, tiny mechanisms that produced music encoded as pins on a ...

The microcontroller’s CPU reads program code from memory, one instruction at a time, decodes each instruction, and then executes it. All memory content—both program code and data—is in binary form: ...