Ever since the development of the first working transistors in 1947, the electronics industry has experienced tremendous growth in numerous ways. For instance, transistors allowed for the ...

From a simple electronic toothbrush to complicated robotics systems, DC motors are present everywhere. In most of our previous Arduino projects, we have used these DC motors as actuators and ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. 1. In the circuit for the 1 mA two-terminal current source, the leftmost PNP transistor (Q4) is a "bolt-on" to harvest ...