A recent study published in Scientific Reports examines how metallic thin films, specifically cobalt layers used in hard disk drives (HDDs), can be modified to improve their performance and ...

Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is created by applying electrical energy to a gas, causing ion formation. When an energy source, such as electrical energy or radio waves, transfers energy to gas ...

Polymers play a vital role in medicine, they have widespread applications in drug delivery systems and biomedical devices because of their easy fabricability, low cost, chemical stability, and ...

Nonthermal and thermal plasmas are used in the industrial, engineering, medical, and research industries. Plasma composition is an important parameter in any plasma process. Using optical emission ...