Randomization tests can be thought of as another way to examine data, and do not restrictive assumptions about populations. As a very quick example, suppose that you have two groups of scores. One ...

We will begin with randomization tests, because they are closer in intent to more traditional parametric tests than are bootstrapping procedures. Their primary goal is to test some null hypothesis, ...

Background: Observational studies have indicated a potential association between education and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, uncertainties regarding the causal relationship persist.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Background: Previous observational studies have shown that circulating selenium levels are inversely ...