Think back to middle school algebra, like 2 a + b. Those letters are parameters: Assign them values and you get a result. In ...

Large language models are routinely described in terms of their size, with figures like 7 billion or 70 billion parameters ...

Modulation bandwidths continue to grow, promising higher data rates yet imposing test difficulties. Most test technologies are still rooted in past, narrowband architectures, which are increasingly ...

The signal integrity analysis of high-speed electronic designs requires that the interconnect models be valid over a wide bandwidth. To represent the frequency-dependent behavior of a complex ...

Power modules are high-power switching circuits that convert DC- in AC-currents in electric vehicles, renewable energy, and many more applications. New materials [14] and device technologies [14], ...

As high-speed serial data rates advance beyond 50 Gb/s, conventional logic-emulating non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling is being replaced by PAM4, a four-level pulse amplitude-modulation scheme. PAM4 ...