Abstract: The Modular Multilevel Series Parallel Converter (MMSPC) not only allows dynamic interconnection among the modules in series connection, like the traditional Modular Multilevel Converter ...

Previous tutorials have described that resistors may either be connected as a series circuit or a parallel circuit where the currents and voltages are obtained using Ohm’s Law. To produce more complex ...

Abstract: A state-of-charge equalization topology based on multiple input single output four-switch buck–boost (FSBB) converter is proposed for series–parallel battery energy storage system (BESS).