Production test of a finished electronic product often involves two techniques: in-circuit test (ICT) and functional component test (FCT). The ICT technique examines a non-powered circuit board to ...

Build your own compact FM stereo test transmitter that generates ultra-low distortion audio and precise VHF signals using only simple CMOS logic. Perfect for learning how FM stereo works, this DIY lab ...

No matter what brand or board type you’re working with, it’s impossible to escape the reality that PCBs are inherently failure-prone. Planning for when, rather than if, your circuit boards will ...

When selecting a service provider for circuit-board repair or rework, focus on the “three E’s”: expertise, equipment, and economies of scale. Printed-circuit boards (PCBs), no matter what brand or ...