bit_to_symbol_map = [-3, -1, 1, 3]; % Mapping for 4-PAM (00 -> -3, 01 -> -1, 10 -> +1, 11 -> +3) restricted_symbol = -3; % Symbol restriction for the final stages in ...

Abstract: Attenuation, interference, noise, and distortion affect any wireless communication system's data transfer, making it more difficult for the receiver to receive precise data. Convolution ...