In Europe, servers and industrial machines are predominantly supplied with single-phase 230 volts alternating current or three-phase 400 volts three-phase current. Switching to direct current with a ...

Author Mazi Hosseini describes a simple, low-cost, voltage-controlled current source using two op amps that provides a good range of current and maximum load. One challenge in circuit design is ...

Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...