The machine doesn’t care what it’s making—only that it’s making it fast. Frictionless systems optimize output. But meaning, memory, and margin live in the mess it leaves behind. The great smoothing is ...

Rougher surfaces cause more friction. For an object to move, there must be a force upon it - this is usually a push or a pull. As the object starts to move, another force occurs between the object and ...

For decades, volcanologists believed that the primary trigger for explosive eruptions was a drop in pressure as magma rises toward the surface. When pressure falls, gases dissolved deep within the ...