Sometimes the simplest way to understand the cause-and-effect nature of automation is to start with the effect. Scenes are ...

The control of a rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) is challenging because it is an underactuated, highly sensitive, and unsteady system. Sliding mode control (SMC) is a nonlinear control method with high ...

Abstract: Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play an essential role in industrial automation by managing complex safety-critical processes. Ensuring the safety and correctness of PLC programs is ...