This simulation shows the voltages across the components in a series RLC circuit driven by an AC source of 1 kHz frequency. The circuit includes a resistor (R = 100 Ω), an inductor (L = 10 mH), and a capacitor (C = 1 µF) connected in series. The graph at the top displays the instantaneous voltages across R, L, and C along with the supply voltage. The resistor voltage (green) is in phase with the current, the inductor voltage (red) leads the current by 90°, and the capacitor voltage (yellow) lags

This simulation compares how voltage behaves across a resistor, inductor, and capacitor when all three are driven by the same 1 kHz AC source. The oscilloscope above shows three distinct waveforms, each representing the voltage across one of the components. For the resistor, the voltage is exactly in phase with the current, producing a clean sinusoidal waveform with no phase shift. In the inductor circuit, the voltage leads the current by 90°, resulting in the waveform shifting left compared to