1. Site Analysis and Survey: Conduct a detailed topographical survey to map out site boundaries, elevations, and irregular features. Ensure all measurements are accurate. 2. Establish Reference Points: Identify and mark primary control points, often using GPS or fixed site benchmarks, to guide the layout. 3. Grid and Coordinates: Create a grid system or use polar coordinates to plot out the building’s footprint, adjusting for angular or curved edges. 4. Use String Lines and Markers: Mark critica

Uses and Importance of Vertical Elements in Commercial Building...